![]() So how does the amplifier do this? If you look inside an amplifier for an answer, you'll only find a complex mass of wires and circuitry components. Some amplifier systems use several pre-amplifiers to gradually build up to a high-voltage output signal. The pre-amplifier works the same basic way as the amplifier: The input circuit applies varying resistance to an output circuit generated by the power supply. For this reason, the signal is first boosted by a pre-amplifier, which sends a stronger output signal to the power amplifier. In most amplifiers, this load is too much work for the original audio signal. It applies a varying resistance to the output circuit to re-create the voltage fluctuations of the original audio signal. ![]() Its load is modifying the output circuit. The input circuit is the electrical audio signal recorded on tape or running in from a microphone. The output circuit's load (the work it does) is moving the speaker cone. The power supply also smoothes out the current to generate an absolutely even, uninterrupted signal. If the amplifier is powered by household alternating current, where the flow of charge changes directions, the power supply will convert it into direct current, where the charge always flows in the same direction. The output circuit is generated by the amplifier's power supply, which draws energy from a battery or power outlet. You can understand these signals as two separate circuits. In actuality, the amplifier generates a completely new output signal based on the input signal. This is an accurate description when you consider the amplifier as a whole, but the process inside the amplifier is a little more complex. In the last section, we saw that an amplifier's job is to take a weak audio signal and boost it to generate a signal that is powerful enough to drive a speaker. The basic concept of an amplifier: A smaller current is used to modify a larger current. In this next section, we'll look at the basic elements of amplifiers. Amplifiers can be very complex devices, with hundreds of tiny pieces, but you can get a clear picture of how an amplifier works by examining the most basic components. In this article, we'll see what amplifiers do and how they do it. It simply produces a more powerful version of the audio signal. To do this, you need to boost the audio signal so it has a larger current while preserving the same pattern of charge fluctuation. But the final step in the process - pushing the speaker cone back and forth - is more difficult. This is fine for most of the stages in the process - it's strong enough for use in the recorder, for example, and it is easily transmitted through wires. Consequently, the microphone produces a fairly small electrical current. This means it is very thin and moves only a short distance. In order to register all of the minute pressure fluctuations in a sound wave, the microphone diaphragm has to be extremely sensitive. ![]() In the end, the sound signal is translated back into its original form, a physical sound wave. This re-creates the air-pressure fluctuations originally recorded by the microphone.Īs you can see, all the major components in this system are essentially translators: They take the signal in one form and put it into another. A player (such as a tape deck) re-interprets this pattern as an electrical signal and uses this electricity to move a speaker cone back and forth. ![]() A recorder encodes this electrical signal as a pattern in some sort of medium - as magnetic impulses on tape, for example, or as grooves in a record.The electrical signal fluctuates to represent the compressions and rarefactions of the sound wave. Sound waves move a microphone diaphragm back and forth, and the microphone translates this movement into an electrical signal. ![]()
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